Vitamin B12 is an essential nutrient required by the body for various important functions, such as the formation of red blood cells and DNA synthesis. Adults require 2-3 mcg of this vitamin regularly, but deficiency can lead to several adverse effects.
Low levels of vitamin B12 can cause anemia, which puts pressure on the heart to push more blood volume, leading to a fast heart rate. Additionally, the vitamin helps break down homocysteine, and its deficiency can result in an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases.
A deficiency of vitamin B12 affects oral health, causing mouth ulcers, a swollen tongue, and an unexplained burning sensation. Lack of this vitamin can lead to cognitive issues, including difficulty in thinking and reasoning, and mental health issues such as Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, and Parkinson’s disease.
Tingling sensations in hands and feet, which feel like pins and needles, are a classic sign of vitamin B12 deficiency. The vitamin is crucial for the nervous system, and its absence can cause problems in nerve conduction. Deficiency can also lead to the ripping of the nerves’ myelin, damaging the nerves and disturbing the transmission of sensations.
Vegetarian food consumers are at a higher risk of vitamin B12 deficiency, as the vitamin is mostly found in meat-based foods. Older people tend to be deficient in the vitamin because they do not produce enough stomach acid, which helps in vitamin B12 absorption from food. Those on metformin, a type 2 diabetes drug, are also likely to have low levels of vitamin B12
People who have had intestinal surgeries or digestive disorders are also more likely to develop a deficiency in vitamin B12. The vitamin is abundantly found in fish, liver, red meat, eggs, and dairy products. Vegetarians can get vitamin B12 through fortified food products, but it is advisable to consult a doctor before consuming vitamin B12 supplements.