Narayana Murthy, the co-founder of Infosys, recently shared an intriguing anecdote from his past, revealing that he endured a staggering 120 hours of hunger while hitchhiking over 50 years ago. This revelation has sparked curiosity about the effects of prolonged fasting on the human body.
When an individual refrains from eating for an extended period, such as five days, several physiological changes occur within the body. Initially, the body utilizes stored glycogen, a form of glucose stored in the liver and muscles, to meet its energy needs. However, once glycogen reserves are depleted, the body begins breaking down fat stores to produce ketones, an alternative fuel source.
During this fasting period, the body enters a state of ketosis, where ketones become the primary energy source for the brain and muscles. As a result, hunger pangs diminish, and mental clarity may improve due to the brain’s efficient utilization of ketones.
Additionally, fasting triggers various hormonal responses aimed at conserving energy and preserving muscle mass. The levels of insulin, the hormone responsible for glucose uptake, decrease, allowing the body to access stored fat for energy. Conversely, levels of human growth hormone (HGH) increase, promoting fat loss and muscle preservation.
However, prolonged fasting also poses risks and challenges to overall health. Extended periods without food can lead to nutrient deficiencies, electrolyte imbalances, and muscle breakdown. Severe dehydration and electrolyte disturbances may occur, affecting heart function and kidney health.
Furthermore, fasting for five days or more can weaken the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to infections. It may also cause fatigue, dizziness, weakness, and difficulty concentrating, impairing cognitive function and physical performance.
In extreme cases, prolonged fasting can lead to starvation, a life-threatening condition characterized by severe malnutrition and organ failure. Therefore, it is crucial to approach fasting with caution and under medical supervision, especially for extended durations.
Narayana Murthy’s remarkable experience sheds light on the body’s remarkable adaptability to fasting conditions. However, it also underscores the importance of understanding the potential consequences and risks associated with prolonged starvation. As such, individuals should exercise prudence and prioritize their health when considering extended periods of fasting.
